Should I include website citations in my bibliography?

Chicago gives you flexibility. Casual references to websites can appear only in footnotes. Sources central to your argument should be in the bibliography.

How do I cite a page with 'last modified' date?

Use the "last modified" date as the publication date: Author. "Title." Website. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

How do I handle broken or changed URLs?

If the URL no longer works, try to find an archived version (e.g., via the Wayback Machine). Include the archived URL or note that the page is no longer available.

How to Cite a Website in Chicago 17th Edition

General Format

Chicago 17 website citation: **Footnote:** First Last, "Title of Page," Website Name, Month Day, Year, URL. **Bibliography:** Last, First. "Title of Page." Website Name. Month Day, Year. URL. If no author: "Title of Page." Website Name. Month Day, Year. URL. Note: Web pages and blog posts are often cited only in footnotes, not in the bibliography, unless they are central to the argument.

Worked Example

Footnote: 1. Craig Newmark, "Keep Craigslist Open," CNN.com, November 1, 2009, https://www.cnn.com/2009/OPINION/11/01/newmark.craigslist/index.html. Bibliography: Newmark, Craig. "Keep Craigslist Open." CNN.com. November 1, 2009. https://www.cnn.com/2009/OPINION/11/01/newmark.craigslist/index.html. No author: "Privacy Policy." Google. Last modified April 17, 2023. https://policies.google.com/privacy.

Common Mistakes

1. **Not including access dates when needed** -- Chicago recommends including an access date if the page has no publication date. Use "accessed Month Day, Year." 2. **Confusing web page and blog post formats** -- Blog posts include the blog name in italics. Regular web pages use the site name without italics. 3. **Omitting website citations from the bibliography** -- If a web source is important to your argument, include it in the bibliography, not just in footnotes.