When should I use Notes-Bibliography vs Author-Date in Chicago?

Notes-Bibliography is preferred in humanities (history, literature, arts). Author-Date is preferred in sciences and social sciences. Check with your instructor or publisher for their preference.

Do I still use Ibid. in Chicago 17?

Chicago 17 discourages the use of Ibid. Instead, use shortened footnotes for subsequent citations of the same source. However, some style guides and instructors still accept it.

How do I cite an e-book in Chicago style?

Cite it like a print book but add the format or platform at the end if relevant: Last Name, First Name. *Title*. Place: Publisher, Year. Kindle edition. If it has a DOI or stable URL, include that instead.

How to Cite a Book in Chicago 17th Edition

General Format

Chicago 17th edition offers two systems: Notes-Bibliography (NB) and Author-Date. The Notes-Bibliography format for a book is: **Footnote/Endnote (first citation):** First Name Last Name, *Title of Book* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number. **Bibliography entry:** Last Name, First Name. *Title of Book*. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. **Author-Date (parenthetical):** (Last Name Year, page) **Reference list:** Last Name, First Name. Year. *Title of Book*. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Worked Example

Notes-Bibliography: Footnote: 1. Tony Judt, *Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945* (New York: Penguin Press, 2005), 145. Shortened footnote (subsequent citations): 2. Judt, *Postwar*, 203. Bibliography: Judt, Tony. *Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945*. New York: Penguin Press, 2005. Author-Date: (Judt 2005, 145) Reference list: Judt, Tony. 2005. *Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945*. New York: Penguin Press.

Common Mistakes

1. **Mixing up the two Chicago systems** -- Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date have different formats. Choose one and use it consistently throughout your paper. 2. **Omitting the place of publication** -- Unlike APA 7, Chicago still requires the place of publication for books. 3. **Using the wrong footnote format for subsequent citations** -- After the first full citation, use a shortened form (Author Last Name, *Short Title*, page) instead of repeating the full citation.